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Questions

When was the New Year celebrated for the first time? - The symbolism of the New Year ...

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Purpose of the study:

To learn the history of the New Year, to prove that the New Year is the best holiday.

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From ancient origins

New Year's holiday is the oldest of all existing ones. During the excavation of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which it is written: "The beginning of the New Year." In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (end of September).

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Even before our era, the ancient Romans began to give New Year's gifts and have fun all New Year's Eve, wishing each other happiness, good luck, prosperity. They celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (Julian). New Year's Eve was the first day of January.

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New Year in medieval England began in March.

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The Church New Year still (!) falls on September 1, and by the way, the beginning of the school year is by no means an arbitrary date, if we remember that the school was run by the Church.

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New year in Russia.

Peter the Great radically changed the chronology and the way of celebrating the New Year. In the first year of the 18th century, he ordered the reckoning from the Nativity of Christ, canceling the reckoning from the day of the creation of the world.

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Tree history.

The Christmas tree was brought by Peter from Germany: at the meeting in 1700, Moscow streets were strewn with Christmas tree branches. Spruce in Europe was considered a sacred tree, with the ability not to succumb to winter death.

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Christmas.

It is gratifying, the Advent fast, Christmas week and Christmas were successfully combined. There was a custom to give gifts to children before Christmas. Gifts (gingerbread, sweets) were hung on the Christmas tree as a decoration.

Presentation for preschoolers 6 - 7 years old "What is the New Year?

What is New Year?
It's all the other way around:
Trees grow in the room
Squirrels do not gnaw cones,
Hares next to the wolf
On a thorny tree!
The rain is also not easy,
In the New Year it is golden,
Shine that there is urine,
Nobody gets wet
Even Santa Claus
Doesn't pinch anyone's nose.
E. Mikhailova

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?
The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.

Traditions of celebrating the New Year in Russia.
In the tradition of celebrating the New Year in Russia, such attributes as: a Christmas tree, a New Year's table, Santa Claus, fireworks, mass celebrations.
On the night of December 31 to January 1, it is customary for every family to lay a festive table. As a rule, there are invariably three components: Olivier salad, champagne and tangerines.
In Russia, it is customary to sit down at the festive table around 11 pm in order to "spend" the old year.
At about 11:55 p.m., the President of the country speaks on all central channels, he sums up some results of the outgoing year and wishes happiness and good luck to all the inhabitants of the country in the coming year. Then at 11:55 p.m. on January 1, the chiming clock begins.
On this night, you can meet people walking around the city dressed as Santa Claus. Another symbol of this holiday. Parents of children often order an artist in this image for their beloved children.

New Year in Rus'.
In Rus', the New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered "from now on to calculate the summer" from January 1.

The history of the Christmas tree.
The Christmas tree - an essential attribute of the winter holidays - also arrived in Russia along with the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the “foreigner” who arrived, although not immediately, took root in Russian land firmly - as if she had always grown here: from the branches that decorated the houses, a luxurious tree grew in a festive dress.

The most important of the guests:
- Who is in an elegant warm coat,
With a long white beard
Comes to visit on New Year's Eve
And ruddy, and gray-haired?
He plays with us, dances,
With him, the holiday is more fun!
- Santa Claus on our Christmas tree
The most important of the guests!
I. Chernitskaya

History of the origin of Santa Claus.
Santa Claus became who he is thanks to the existence of a very specific and living prototype. In the 4th century, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker lived and did good deeds in Asia Minor. The figure of this completely reliable historical character gradually acquires legends and fairy-tale details, as a result of which a new image appeared - a kind grandfather, able to make the baby happy, as soon as he turns to him with a request. In the old days, Santa Claus brought rods along with gifts, entering the house with the words: “Are there obedient children in this house?”. Nowadays, this peculiar element of education has almost disappeared, and every child, even the most cocky fidget, receives a treasured gift.

Snow Maiden.
At the Snow Maiden in the morning
New Year's affairs mountain:
Need snow fringe
She will decorate the native forest,
Bake a pie for the animals
And turn on the lanterns.
And then on a holiday to the children
Fly in a golden carriage.


The history of the origin of the Snow Maiden.
Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. This happened thanks to Alexander Ostrovsky's play "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of a folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted by warm sunlight. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter.
The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color in the traditional symbolism is allowed. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.

Riddles for children.
Christmas tree on New Year's holiday
Calling adults and children.
Invite all people
On New Year's ... (round dance).

Everywhere on this holiday there is a roar!
An explosion followed by merry laughter!
Very noisy toy
New Year's ... (clapperboard.)

Santa Claus came to visit us
With a fragile, snow-white guest.
He called her daughter.
This girl ... (Snow Maiden).

She sparkles in the sky
Decorates our Christmas tree.
Will never fade
On New Year's Day ... (star).

In the New Year we are not sad,
We are sitting under the tree
And to each other with expression
We say ... (congratulations).

Thank you for your attention!!!

What words can

say about winter?

(Snow-white, winter-winter,

cold, frosty,

snowy)

1699, when Peter I ordered the day

How to celebrate the New Year

in different countries

Inhabitants India decorate themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers, and at home -

orange flags. In India, small lights are lit on rooftops; gifts for children are placed on a special tray. In the morning, children close their eyes and lead to this tray

AT China splashed with water at the moment when others say New Year's wishes to them

happiness. Therefore, on this festive day, everyone walks the streets in soaking wet clothes.

American Santa Claus - Santa Claus, accompanies him everywhere deer Rudolph the Red Nose, which can talk. In order to fly through the sky, Santa Claus only has to put his finger in his nostril. Santa can move and on a reindeer harness.

German children, having broken some toy, put the debris in the fireplace, and blamed

to Mr. Nimand

("NOBODY") - the prototype of Santa Claus

New Year's Eve in Vietnam accepted

releasing live carps into rivers and ponds. In the evening, in

New Year's Eve, massive dragon dances take place. The most magnificent processions and spectacular events are held at night.

At dusk, bonfires are lit in parks, gardens or on the streets, and several families gather around the bonfires.

In the north of the country, a blossoming peach branch is installed in the house on New Year's Eve or decorated with tangerine trees hung with orange fruits, symbolizing prosperity. During this period, peach and apricot trees, tangerines and almonds bloom.

Sweden. New Year - a festival of light

But Sweden gave the world the first

glass Christmas decorations (in the 19th century). There, on New Year's Eve, it is customary not to turn off the lights in the houses and brightly illuminate the streets - this is a real celebration of light.

There are two Santa Clauses in Sweden: a round-shouldered grandfather with a knobby nose - Yultomten and a dwarf Yulnissaar. Both the one and the other go home on New Year's Eve and leave gifts on the windowsills.

Italy. In the New Year, irons fly from the windows and

old chairs.

Italian Santa Claus - Babbo Natale. In Italy, it is believed that the New Year must begin, freed from everything old. Therefore, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw old things out of the windows. The Italians really like this custom, and they perform it with the passion characteristic of the southerners: old irons, chairs and other rubbish fly through the window. According to signs, the vacant place will certainly be occupied by new things.

On the New Year's table, the Italians always have nuts, lentils and grapes - symbols of longevity, health and well-being.

AT England it is customary to play performances for children on the plots of old English fairy tales on New Year's Eve. Lord Chaos leads a merry carnival procession, in which fairy-tale characters take part: Hobby Horse, March Hare, Humpty Dumpty, Punch and others. All New Year's Eve, street vendors sell toys, whistles, tweeters, masks, balloons. It was in England that the custom arose to exchange greeting cards for the New Year. The first New Year's card was printed in London in 1843.

Before going to bed, the children put a plate on the table for gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and they put hay in their shoes - a treat for the donkey on which he will arrive.

The bell announces the coming of the New Year. Exactly at twelve bells begin to ring loudly in honor of the New Year.

Colombia. The old year walks on stilts

The protagonist of the New Year's carnival in Colombia -

Old year. He walks in the crowd on high stilts and tells funny stories to children. Papa Pasquale is Colombian Santa Claus. No one knows how to make fireworks better than him.

On New Year's Eve, a parade of dolls takes place on the streets of Bogota: dozens of puppet clowns, witches and other fairy-tale characters attached to the roofs of cars drive through the streets of Candelaria, the most ancient district of the Colombian capital, saying goodbye to the inhabitants of the city.

To be together, lovers must kiss

In English houses, the New Year's table is served with turkey with chestnuts and fried potatoes with sauce, as well as stewed Brussels sprouts with meat pies, followed by pudding, sweets, fruits.

In France two Santa Clauses: one is called "Father January" - Per - Noel, walks with a staff and wears a wide-brimmed hat. He brings gifts to the children in a basket. The second name is Shaland. This bearded old man wears a fur hat and a warm travel cloak. Hidden in his basket are rods for naughty and lazy children.

What do they decorate the Christmas tree with?

What is superfluous? Why

Thank you for your attention!