No matter how poetically writers, artists and just men speak about beauty, we women know what structural details and “spare parts” (forgive us this metaphor of romance!) it consists of. Shining eyes, a slim figure, a snow-white smile and, of course, perfect skin - these are the most important criteria for female attractiveness.

But what if your skin is far from ideal? The answer is simple: change it. Unfortunately, we don't have the snake's ability to shed its "shell" as it ages. But still, thanks to modern methods of the beauty industry, as well as recipes that were familiar to our great-grandmothers, we can easily change the situation - renew and rejuvenate the skin of the face, restore its health and freshness.

Let's scrape it off!

Scrub is an indispensable assistant in finding a "new" (well, or at least renewed) skin. The word "scrub" comes from the English "scrub" - to clean, scrape. This is a cosmetic product consisting of abrasive particles and a softening base. If you think that the scrub is known only to modern beauties, then you are deeply mistaken. This miracle remedy is an achievement of ancient Roman civilization, where crushed deer antlers were often used to make it.

The current cosmetic brands do not use the healing properties of artiodactyls, but they offer a huge number of products based on ground coffee beans, plant seeds, apricot kernels, sea salt, etc. It is very easy to prepare a scrub at home - from ground coffee with cosmetic oil, from ground oatmeal (also suitable for sensitive skin). There are many recipes, you just need to use your imagination!

Scrubs perfectly cleanse the skin of the face and body, but you should know the measure and not overdo it. It is optimal to use this tool no more than once or twice a week, and for sensitive skin, you should choose a scrub especially carefully. And, of course, you should not apply the same scrub on the skin of the face and on the heels: in the latter case, larger abrasive particles are needed.

There is also a gentler than a scrub, a means of exfoliating dead cells - gommage. It does not contain abrasive particles, the principle of its action is based on the formation of a "crust" upon drying. The gommage is then removed along with the exfoliated skin.

Scrubs and gommage are home remedies and are rather prophylactic in nature, however, with their regular use, the skin will imperceptibly renew itself, become more elastic and elastic, and acquire a healthy shade.

Mechanical peeling

• Cryotherapy is an artificial cold treatment causing stress in the body. Oddly enough, stress (cold) favorably affects all physiological processes in the body. Depending on the technique, in some cases, freezing causes tissue death, in others - only a narrowing of blood vessels, followed by capillary expansion. This significantly enhances blood flow to the site of exposure, resulting in improved tissue nutrition: rejuvenation and overall healing of the skin occur. The procedure is not painful, there is only a slight tingling and a feeling of cold.
• - the most popular technique in which the beautician, as it were, "burns" the top layer of the skin with a laser. Often, this painful procedure is done to eliminate scars and scars. Unpleasant sensations and tingling last for several days, but shallow wrinkles are completely smoothed out, pores narrow, small scars are erased. It is enough to do such a serious procedure once a year - the effect will be significant. True, there is also a lightweight version of such grinding, which can be carried out much more often - it is often offered in beauty salons.

Chemical reaction

Chemistry can also become our assistant in finding beauty through the renewal of facial skin. based on the use of products that include various acids. Depending on the degree and depth of penetration of the substance into the skin, it is divided into superficial, median and deep.

• Superficial peeling carried out with the use of various enzymes and acids - glycolic, lactic, malic, mandelic, salicillic. The procedure causes a burning sensation: the acid "corrodes" the outer layer of the skin, relieving it of minor imperfections. Swelling and redness after superficial peeling disappear within a few hours, but the face noticeably freshens and brightens, and after a course of procedures, post-acne, small wrinkles and age spots are eliminated.
• Median peeling based on the use of trichloroacetic acid. The procedure can remove not only wrinkles, but even scars and scars. Such peeling is quite traumatic: the recovery period lasts about two weeks, since after the procedure there is always swelling, and then redness and severe peeling appear. This is a very serious procedure, and it is extremely important that it be carried out by good specialists in appropriate conditions.
• , no matter how scary it may sound, is carried out with the help of phenol. The composition evenly acts on the skin, reaching the deepest layers, “dissolving” wrinkles and giving a pronounced lifting effect (tightness) to the oval of the face, neck, upper and lower eyelids. The procedure takes place in stationary conditions only after a thorough examination, in the presence of an anesthesiologist, and the rehabilitation period lasts about a month.

What lovely ladies go to for the sake of preserving their beauty and attractiveness ... It's good that modern cosmetology offers a huge number of tools to solve our problems, and in this wide range of services it remains to choose the most suitable for each of us. So with the help of "grandmother's" secrets and serious cosmetic procedures, we will be able to renew our skin - the hallmark of female beauty.

Throughout life, human skin is constantly updated. Dead cells exfoliating from the surface of the epidermis carry with them dust, bacteria, microbes, as well as toxins and waste products released with sweat.

The safety of the functions assigned to it depends on how quickly the skin is updated:

• protection from external factors;
• maintaining temperature and water balance;
• excretion of metabolic products;
• health, visual youth and external attractiveness of a person.

In one day, about 10 billion keratinized dead cells are exfoliated from the surface of the epidermis, for a lifetime - approximately 18 kg.

At the same time, the renewal of the cellular composition occurs at the genetic level with the accuracy of “cloning”, therefore, a completely renewed layer retains the same individual features and characteristics.

Let us briefly consider what the mechanism of skin renewal is, what it depends on and how quickly it proceeds.

How does age affect the rate of skin renewal?

The intensity of reproduction of skin cells depends on several factors. First of all, it is the age of the person.

In youth, the process proceeds quite actively and quickly, but over the years it slows down.

Skin renewal occurs less and less with age, which is partly due to a change in the water-lipid composition, weakening of the collagen framework, ptosis, the appearance of wrinkles, and other signs of natural aging.

In childhood and adolescence, human skin is completely renewed in an average of 21-28 days.

Since the end of the period of physical maturation (from about 25 years old), this process slows down and lasts longer than a month.

The skin of an average 40-year-old person is completely renewed within 35-45 days. After reaching the milestone of 50 years - 56-72 days.

Moreover, in different parts of the body, the renewal of cellular structures occurs unevenly and heterogeneously. Factors affecting this:

1. thickness of the epidermis.
2. The number and activity of the sebaceous glands.
3. The cumulative effect of harmful external influences.
4. Skin condition, degree of moisture.

That is why on the face, arms, neck, decollete, signs of wilting appear earlier than, for example, on the stomach, hips, legs.

How does skin renewal work?

Let's start with the fact that not all skin is subject to renewal, but only one of its layers - the epidermis.

The zones subject to it - the dermis and hypodermis - do not participate in this process. The renewal of the cellular composition of the epidermis occurs continuously and constantly.

The epidermis is made up of several layers

• Basal - the lowest, separating the epidermis from the dermis.

This is the sprout (germ) zone, where there is a constant formation of new skin cells, which, due to their ability to produce keratin (a type of durable protein), are called keratinocytes. In the germ layer of the epidermis, basal keratinocytes are formed.

• The shiny layer of the epidermis is the thinnest.

It enters the structure of the epidermis not over the entire area of ​​the body, but only in those areas where its thickness is maximum (soles, palms). It consists of flat, homogeneous cells without a nucleus and major organelles.

It consists of spiny keratinocytes, in which the synthesis and accumulation of keratin continues.

• Granular (keratohyalin).

In addition to spiny and granular keratinocytes, it contains special cells - process epidermocytes. These are peculiar epidermal macrophages, which are responsible for the main protective functions of the skin.

Keratinocides that have lost their nucleus are a flat sac filled with keratin. This is a transitional fragment from living epithelial cells to dead horny scales called corneocytes.

Consists exclusively of corneocytes (keratinized scales), tightly adjacent to each other. They form a protective barrier that protects the human body from negative external influences.

The thickness of the stratum corneum in different parts of the body is not uniform. On average, its thickness is 0.07-0.12 mm, in some areas - up to 2 mm.

So, on the face, back of the hands, neck, décolleté, genitals and inguinal region, on the inner folds of large joints, the upper layer of skin is thinner than in other anatomical areas. The thickest layer of dead skin cells is found on the palms and soles.

Keratinocytes, formed from basal germ cells, gradually rise to the surface. In the process of moving outwards, they undergo structural changes and finally die, turning into cornetites, dense keratinized scales. Having reached the stratum corneum, obsolete cells are exfoliated, washed off and removed.

The division and formation of new cells occurs only in the basal layer of the epidermis. The life cycle of a keratinocyte averages 2-4 weeks. Corneocytes and other fragments of the overlying zones of the epidermis are essentially dead structures, since they do not have the ability to divide.

Health and skin condition

How the skin is renewed is affected by human health. It is known that the skin, as an indicator, reflects the presence of certain internal problems, malfunctions in the functionality of the body and its individual parts.

This is explained by the fact that in the event of any disease, pathology, the main efforts of the immune system are aimed at combating the disease. Less attention is paid to the functions of the skin, which are not of paramount importance for maintaining the viability of the body.

When a person is sick, the condition of the skin worsens. The functions of removing toxins, harmful substances, combating pathogens, viruses, and bacteria come to the fore.

Automatically, the reproduction of new cells temporarily slows down, skin renewal occurs less frequently. But after recovery, everything returns to normal, the replacement of the cellular composition proceeds as quickly as it happened before the illness.

An important factor in determining the speed and frequency of updates is proper care. In this case, it is not so much about moisturizing, nutrition, the use of youth-supporting products, although this is also important, but about peeling procedures.

Dead cells tend to accumulate on the surface of the epidermis, layer on top of each other, which slows down the regeneration process. The protective functions of the skin from this do not become stronger, but the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the internal structures worsens.

The reproduction of young cells is slower, their advancement to the upper, stratum corneum is difficult. As a result, the skin condition changes for the worse, signs of aging appear faster.

Cleansing and peeling is a preventive measure that contributes to the rapid sloughing of dead cells from the surface of the epidermis. The regular use of mild cleansing compositions, home lotions, masks, finished cosmetic products, peeling products, special salon procedures help maintain the intensity of cell renewal and, as a result, prolong skin youth.

Education: Diploma in the specialty "Medicine" and "Therapy" received at the University named after N. I. Pirogov (2005 and 2006).

The structure of the human skin

1. Skin - largest organ in the human body

2. If you stretch the skin of an average person, it will cover an area of ​​2 square meters

3. Skin is about 15 percent of your body weight.

4. There are two types of skin: hairy and hairless

5. Your skin has three layers:

Epidermis - water repellent and dead layer

Dermis - hair and sweat glands

Subcutaneous fat - fat and large blood vessels

6. Every inch of your skin has a certain elasticity and strength, depending on the location. So the skin on the knuckles is different from the skin on the stomach.

7. Scar tissue lacks hair and sweat glands

8. The thinnest skin on your eyelids - about 0.2 mm

9. The thickest skin on your feet - about 1.4 mm

human hair

10. In humans an average of 100,000 head hairs. Blonde hair has about 140,000 hairs, dark hair has 110,000, and red hair has about 90,000.

11. Each hair has a small muscle that lifts the hair in cold and various emotional states.

12. Body hair grow 2 to 6 years

13. We lose 20 to 100 hairs a day

dead skin

14. Keratin forms the outer dead layer of the skin and nails.

15. More 50 percent of the dust in the house is made up of dead skin

16. Every 28 days your skin is renewed.

17. Lipids are natural fats that keep the outer layer of skin hydrated and healthy. Detergents and alcohol destroy lipids.

18. Skin sheds over 30,000 dead cells every minute.

19. As we age, we begin to shed less skin. In children, old cells are shed faster. This is why babies have such a pink fresh complexion

bacteria on the skin

20. The skin produces about 500 ml of sweat per day.

21. Sweat itself is odorless, and it is thanks to bacteria that body odor is produced.

22. Your skin is a microcosm in which more than 1000 types of bacteria live and about 1 billion individual bacteria.

23. The glands that produce earwax are special sweat glands.

24. On average, you live between your toes about 14 types of fungus.

Melanin pigment and human skin color

25. Skin color is the result of a protein called melanin. Huge skin cells in the form of tentacles - melanocytes, produce and distribute the pigment melanin.

26. People have the same number of melanin cells. Different skin color is the result of their activity, not quantity.

27. Human skin varies greatly in different parts of the world. According to the well-known classification - the Lushan scale, there is 36 basic types of human skin color.

28. 1 in 110,000 people is albino that is, it does not have melanin cells.

29. Melanin is also responsible for eye color, and itself the skin covering the eye is transparent and very sensitive.

30. Permanent skin color in a child is formed within about 6 months.

Acne and skin treatment

31. The cause of acne or pimples is the overproduction of cells that line the sweat glands.

32. Even babies suffer from acne. Some newborns develop acne in the first few weeks of life. The cause of acne in newborns is not fully known, but it does not require treatment and goes away on its own.

33. About 80 percent or 4 out of 5 teenagers experience acne.

34. But this is not only a problem of adolescence. One in 20 women and one in 100 men suffers from acne in adulthood

35. The appearance of a boil is associated with a staphylococcal bacterium. It penetrates into tiny cuts in the skin, getting into the hair follicles.

Appearance of human skin

36. Type and texture of the skin talking about your health. With illness, the skin turns pale, and with fatigue, bags under the eyes appear.

37. Smoking negatively affects the condition of the skin, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients, slowing down blood flow, and also contributing to the appearance of wrinkles.

38. Skin heals very quickly. Since the top layer of the skin is a living tissue, the body begins to heal the wound immediately. Blood from a cut forms a scab and seals the wound.

Moles and freckles

39. Most moles are genetically predetermined even before we were born.

40. People who have more moles on their bodies live longer and look younger those who have fewer moles.

41. Almost every person has at least one mole.

42. Moles can appear anywhere including genitals, scalp and tongue.

43. Freckles most often appear in people with fair skin color.

44. Freckles fade in winter since melanin is not produced in large quantities during the winter months.

45. Freckles can be red, yellow, light brown and dark brown.

46. ​​Unlike moles, freckles do not appear at birth, they appear after a person has been exposed to sunlight.

What vitamins are needed for the skin?

47. Vitamin A heals skin from sun damage and cellulite

48. Vitamin D- reduces rashes and neoplasms

49. Vitamin C- antioxidant, restores vitamin E and protects from the sun

50. Vitamin E- antioxidant, protects against sun damage and aging.

Skin renewal is one of the proven ways to get rid of annoying imperfections. It is this task that is assigned to procedures such as peeling and dermabrasion. Until recently, they were carried out by professionals, but today there are tools that will help the skin to renew and transform without the participation of a beautician, at home.

• Why does the skin need to be renewed?
• How skin renewal happens
• Skin renewal methods
• Interior skin renewal
• Peeling for skin renewal
• Stages of peeling at home
• Skin renewal products
• Precautionary measures

Why does the skin need to be renewed?

Renewal of the skin, or rather, its surface layer, the epidermis, is a continuous process programmed by nature. This is a kind of way of survival, because it is the epidermis that is in contact with the outside world and, in fact, is the main defender of the human body from unfriendly environmental factors.

Naturally, the first line of defense constantly suffers losses, which means that new “fighters” must be regularly supplied. And this process is well established - a cycle of 28 days is enough for the skin to gradually get rid of old cells and replace them with new ones. It is due to the fact that the skin is a self-renewing organ that we can influence its appearance and condition.

Skin renewal - a natural law of nature Getty Images

How skin renewal happens

The skin is a multilayer structure, which is a collection of cells at different stages of the life path from birth to death. In the lowest layer of the epidermis - the basal - there is a "birth" of cells, they gradually move up to the surface of the skin, turning into dead cells there. In other words - in horny scales, they perform protective and barrier functions.

It's all about the rate of renewal of the cellular composition. If it is slowed down, then the horny scales remain lying on the skin as a dead weight, making it dull and uneven. This picture is typical:

skin with hyperkeratosis;

However, even more or less prosperous skin will not interfere with means that stimulate the replacement of old cells with new ones. After all, new always looks better than worn out.

Skin renewal methods

There are different ways to stimulate cell renewal.

Mechanical. This is how scrubs work. The target for abrasive particles are exclusively dead cells.

Chemical. With the help of acids, it is possible to carry out both superficial peeling, affecting only dead cells, and deeper, aimed at solving a specific aesthetic problem.

Physical. The horny layer of the skin is damaged with the help of physical energy (laser).

Interior skin renewal

Many problems, from hyperpigmentation to post-acne traces, are solved by modern cosmetologists by prescribing a course of peels to patients.

Microdermabrasion

Using a special pressure nozzle, a stream of abrasive particles is applied to the skin, which literally squeezes the epidermis, providing different peeling depths depending on the task. Microdermabrasion can even smooth out post-acne scars, although the procedure is not pleasant and requires rehabilitation.

Cryotherapy

Liquid nitrogen massage is a very old and extremely effective procedure for stagnant spots, but with the help of “dry ice” you can also exfoliate.

laser resurfacing

Resurfacing today is replaced by fractional thermolysis - fragmentary damage to the skin using directed laser radiation. This method allows you to combine a fairly deep impact and a relatively easy recovery period.

Skin resurfacing uses next-generation laser technology Getty Images

Chemical peel

In the salon, you will be offered an acid peel based on glycolic acid, which can be combined with other AHA acids or salicylic acid. The composition and concentration are selected individually. Peeling in the salon is not one procedure, but a course of at least three. After each session, the skin will peel off and renew itself. The result is cumulative.

Peeling for skin renewal

Mechanism of action

When talking about peeling, first of all, they mean peeling with the help of acids, which destroy the bonds between cells and force them to leave their habitat, giving way to "youth".

When to apply

The advantage of peeling lies precisely in the fact that all ages and almost any problems are submissive to it. When we don't like something in the condition of the skin, we turn to peeling, because we know that we will get the result.

What can peeling help with?

Uneven tone and relief.

Efficiency

Efficiency is directly proportional to the degree of damage to the epidermis - the deeper it is, the more noticeable the result, but the recovery period is longer and more difficult. Therefore, a course of peelings in the salon will, of course, give a more noticeable effect than using an acid lotion or peeling lotion at home. However, homemade cosmetics should not be discounted, because it is able to support and activate the natural process of skin renewal, on which its appearance and condition largely depend.

Stages of peeling at home

Regardless of which product you use: scrub, serum or cream with acids, it is applied to clean skin. There may be further options.

Preparation

Remove makeup with cleansing milk or micellar water.

Wash your face with a gel or foam according to your skin type.

Description of the procedure

Scrub. In the vast majority of cases, the scrub is applied to wet skin, abrasive particles are rolled over the entire surface of the face, excluding the eye area. Rinse thoroughly with water. Then wipe the face with a tonic and apply a care product.

Peeling. Usually home peeling is a lotion or serum with acids for evening use. Apply before night cream. It is clear that it is not necessary to wash it off. The result of these funds is cumulative.

Mask. Such products are usually based on acids or enzymes. They are also applied to clean, dry skin and washed off after a few minutes according to the instructions.

Skin renewal products

Mineral peeling mask "Double radiance", Vichy

Combines mechanical and chemical peeling, as it contains exfoliating particles and AHA acids. More about the product.

Night two-phase peeling for face Visionnaire Crescendo, Lancôme

A product that comes close in effect to professional peeling in the salon. The course, designed for 28 days, is divided into two two-week stages.

Preparatory. Helps skin gradually shed dead cells with a combination of fruit acids and quinoa seed extract (1.5%).

Basic. Glycolic peeling with the addition of salicylic acid intensively renews the skin. The result is smoothness, radiance, beauty!

Night two-phase peeling concentrate Absolue Precious Cells Rose Drop, Lancôme

It consists of two fractions that are mixed immediately before application, used before night care products instead of serum. Can be used as a course or as desired. It has oil and water phases.

Oil. Contains oils of argan tree, white limnanthes and sunflower.

Acid. It is a mixture of glycolic acid (3.4%) and other fruit acids, as well as a unique pink blend with native rose cells, which provides the skin with exceptional anti-aging care. More about the product.

Glycolic 10 Renew Overnight SkinCeuticals Night Cream

Due to the action of glycolic acid (10%), it stimulates the renewal of the skin, providing it with smoothness and radiance. Soothing ingredients prevent unwanted skin reaction to acid.

Night peel that activates skin radiance, >

Apply with a cotton pad, like a tonic. Gradually renews cells due to the presence of glycolic acid at a concentration of 4%, while fermented black tea extract and blueberry extract restore radiance to the skin. More about the product.

Precautionary measures

Under no circumstances do not use compositions for professional peeling at home, even if they are "easy" to use and "weak".

With a negative reaction stop using a peeling agent.

Observe manufacturer's instructions.

Use daytime cream protective factor of at least 30 to avoid pigmentation. Acids make your skin more sensitive to the sun!

Withering (aging) skin is considered by cosmetologists as a separate type of skin.

With age, the production of collagen and other important elements for the skin gradually decreases, which leads to a loss of firmness, elasticity and color. Wrinkles gradually appear on such skin: “crow's feet” around the eyes, nasolabial, frontal, etc.

Conventionally, this term can mean the age category over 35 years. Such skin can be dry, oily or combination.

Unfortunately, the aging process cannot be stopped, but, fortunately, it can be significantly slowed down. To do this, you need to take care of your health in general and your skin in particular.

It can be considered that the "grandmothers" of the cells of the epidermis are stem cells. They, like the “mother” cells, are located on the basement membrane (the deepest layer of the epidermis). "Moms" are capable of multiple division, forming germ cells. Germ cells sit on the basement membrane until the time of "growing up" comes. Then some of the daughter cells break away from the basement membrane and move to the periphery, maturing and accumulating special high-strength proteins in the process of maturation: various types of keratin, filaggrin, involucrin, keratolinin, etc. A feature of these proteins is significant strength, resistance to mechanical and chemical influences. Therefore, the process of “growing up” of a keratinocyte is accompanied by an increase in its strength, the so-called keratinization (keratinization).

A dead keratinocyte consists almost entirely of keratin, which is why dead cells are even called “horny” because they are so strong. The stratum corneum forms a highly durable stratum corneum, which, due to its mechanical strength, is an important part of the protective epidermal barrier.

The stages of development of keratinocytes are so organized by nature that in the epidermis one can clearly distinguish layers, each of which contains cells at a certain stage of development. There are four of them (except for the skin of the palms and soles, where 5 layers are distinguished):

1. basal layer. Here are stem cells, mother cells and germ cells.
2. The prickly layer is a layer of cells that have entered the path of development. They lose the ability to share. Granules of phospholipids and ceramides begin to appear in the cells of this layer; amino acids and peptides begin to turn into keratin protein. The content of the granules begins to be released into the intercellular space. This forms the lipid barrier of the skin - "cement", which holds the cells of the epidermis together, preventing excessive loss of moisture and the penetration of microorganisms through the skin.
3. grainy layer. The granules (grains) of this layer contain proteins (profilaggrin), lipids (phospholipids, ceramides) and enzymes necessary to maintain the epidermal barrier. From profilaggrin, filaggrin is formed, which, in interaction with keratin, forms a rigid "skeleton" of the cell.
4. As keratin accumulates, the cell nucleus is destroyed, the cell dies. The horny (upper) layer of the epidermis is represented by dead cells - densely packed flat horny scales. The horny cells fit tightly to each other and are connected by special "locks". In the intercellular space of the stratum corneum there is a large amount of lipids (cholesterol, ceramides and fatty acids) that form the lipid barrier of the skin. Filaggrin, having performed its functions, breaks down into amino acids, which are the most important components of the natural moisturizing factor.

Thus, keratinization is a sequential, layer-by-layer process of keratinization of epidermal cells, proceeding with the formation of substances that are part of the lipid barrier of the skin and natural moisturizing factor and protect the skin from environmental influences and excessive moisture loss.

Dead cells are removed from the surface of the skin by their natural exfoliation (desquamation), which occurs due to enzymes that destroy compounds that bind horny scales to each other, in particular, chymotrypsin. A feature of these enzymes is their activity in the acidic environment of the hydrolipidic mantle of the skin and the change in activity with increasing pH. In addition, chymotrypsin is only active in the presence of water. That is, its ability to perform its functions of destroying the "locks" between the horny cells depends on the degree of skin moisture.

The conducted studies show the relationship between the moisture content in the atmospheric air and the rate of desquamation of horny scales. At an air humidity of 55%, the rate of desquamation of horny cells decreases by 40%, and at 44% humidity - by 75%. This indicates the importance of skin hydration - only with good hydration can the rate of desquamation of horny scales sufficient for skin health and, accordingly, the rate of skin renewal be ensured.

Rules for the care of aging skin of the face and neck

Hello dear readers! Unfortunately, over the years we are not getting younger. And the first thing that undergoes aging is our skin, which every day faces adverse environmental factors. No wonder they say that if you want to know the age of a woman, then look at the skin of her neck. How to be? Today in our article we will consider the topic of how to properly care for aging skin of the face and neck.

Currently, the aging processes of the skin begin much earlier, already at the age of 30 you can notice their first signs. This is due to environmental problems, malnutrition, the presence of bad habits of alcohol and smoking, the presence of stress, as well as a decrease in physical activity.

Basic rules of care

In order for your skin to shine with its freshness and beauty, as before, preventive measures should be taken to care for it.

These activities must be included in your normal daily routine, and you should also try to systematically carry them out to achieve the desired effect.

All facial care measures should be applied to the covers in the neck and décolleté. We have compiled for you the basic rules of care that you need to start following after you reach the age of thirty.

cleansing

Cleansing is the basis of care.

It includes daily washing, as well as the use of peeling once or twice a week. Washing should be carried out with warm filtered water, washing with decoctions of herbs, such as chamomile, is also good for sluggish skin.

Do not use soap when washing, as this can lead to excessive dryness of the skin, it is better to use special foams or milk for this purpose.

Toning

Toning is necessary to maintain the elasticity and firmness of the skin.

To do this, you can use a tonic that does not contain alcohol. Usually, the composition of tonics includes substances and trace elements that can restore moisture loss and improve the overall tone of the skin, for example, it can be collagen or essential oils.

Contrasting compresses based on decoctions of herbs with the addition of sea salt have an excellent tonic effect.

Hydration and nutrition

Moisturizing and nourishing the skin are very important components of the entire skin care process, since dry skin is more susceptible to the adverse effects of the external environment.

A day cream for the skin should be selected taking into account what problems it should solve, so for sagging skin you need to choose a good moisturizer, and for skin with wrinkles - a nourishing base.

It is also worth focusing on your skin type when choosing a cream. However, remember that even if you have oily facial skin, the skin in the neck and décolleté may be normal or dry. Keep this in mind when choosing creams.

A night cream, on the other hand, should be selected taking into account its high nutritional value, since it should remove traces of fatigue that have accumulated over the whole day, or have restorative properties.

Do not forget to apply weekly nourishing and regenerating masks for the face, neck and décolleté.

Balanced diet

Rational nutrition is something that you should not forget about if you want to "flaunt" your beautiful skin.

Improper nutrition, overeating or undereating can negatively affect the quality of your skin.

Sun protection

Everyone loves to soak up the sun, however, ultraviolet radiation has a negative effect on the condition of the skin. Therefore, do not forget about sunscreen, especially during the holidays.

Anti-aging products

Currently, there is a wide range of ready-made products, the action of which is directed against premature aging of your skin.

For example, a cream stops the aging process. Vitamins, minerals and amino acids contained in the cream quickly penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin, which leads to deep hydration and prevention of aging processes.

However, anti-aging products can be made at home.

Here are some recipes for such remedies:

• For dry skin, a carrot mask is suitable. Grate two carrots, then add one yolk. Apply the resulting mixture in a small layer on the face, neck and décolleté, wait 20 minutes, then remove the mask with a damp swab
• For oily skin, a mask is suitable, which uses kefir and orange juice. Kefir with a low percentage of fat content should be mixed with freshly squeezed orange juice, put a small spoonful of starch into the resulting mixture. Apply the resulting mixture for 10 minutes, then wash with warm water.
• If you have wrinkles, then you can prepare a nourishing mask with aloe in the composition. To do this, add the yolk to the pulp of a three-year-old aloe leaf, then add three tablespoons of powdered milk and one honey. The resulting mask is applied for 10 minutes, then washed, and at the end, the face is wiped with an ice cube.
• Do not forget about exfoliating masks or scrubs. Grind a spoonful of oatmeal with three nuts in a coffee grinder until flour is obtained. Add squeezed orange juice to this flour, bring to the consistency of a mask, then apply in a circular motion on the face and neck for two to three minutes and rinse with water

• Dilute two tablespoons of wheat flour with a glass of warm milk to a thick consistency. Put the resulting mass on the face and leave until it begins to dry out. But do not allow the mixture to dry completely, as this can greatly tighten the skin.
• The egg white is separated from the yolk and whipped into foam, after which a little honey is added and beaten again. Any moisturizer is applied to the face, and the resulting foam is left with the top layer for twenty minutes, then washed off
• Beat cottage cheese in a blender with finely chopped banana, kiwi and strawberries. Add a few drops of olive oil to the resulting mixture and apply on the face. Leave the mask on for fifteen minutes, then rinse off with a decoction of chamomile and apply a moisturizer
• Beat the yolk with two tablespoons of olive oil and one spoon of flower honey. Apply to face for twenty minutes, then rinse with cool water.

But if you do not want to "bother" with the manufacture of homemade masks and creams, then there is always the option of buying a ready-made product. Yes, you can refer to the section "Beauty and health" online store Ozon.ru, where a wide range of care products for any skin type is presented.

In the "Beauty and Health" section of this store there will always be a product that is right for you!

Massage

In addition to all of the above, the use of daily massage, which should be carried out after applying a night cream, fights the aging process well.

Massage consists in tapping with fingertips along the massage lines, which improves blood circulation, and, consequently, the flow of nutrients to the massaged places. Particular attention during the massage should be given to the neck and skin around the eyes.

Facial massage starts from the forehead, and then smoothly move towards the cheeks, chin and neck. The basis of the massage is tapping and stroking movements.

Such a massage can be performed at home on your own, for example, after washing your face in the morning, or you can trust professionals and use salon services.

Gymnastics for the face and neck

Not only the muscles of our body need to be exercised, but the muscles of the face and neck also need to tone up in order to prevent fine wrinkles from appearing or sagging skin.

To maintain this tone will help special exercises. These exercises do not take much time, they can be done both in the morning and in the evening.

1. To perform the first exercise, you need to place your thumbs and forefingers according to the picture. Now try to close your eyes, while resisting with your fingers.

Do this exercise at least seven times for 10 seconds each time.

2. Pull your cheeks in and hold for 20 seconds in this position. Do this exercise eight more times.

3. And now, on the contrary, inflate your cheeks, as if you are going to inflate a balloon, stay in this position for a few seconds, and then sharply release the air, pronouncing all the vowels in turn. Repeat at least eight times.

4. Pull your lips down so that your teeth are exposed, stay in this position for 15 seconds, then return your lips to their original position. Repeat the exercise five times.

5. Stretch your neck and lift your chin up. Imagine that there is a fruit hanging on a tree in front of you, and you are trying to bite it off without the help of your hands. Move your lower jaw from the bottom up for about 20 seconds, then lower your chin. Repeat this action six times.

6. For the next exercise, you will need a pencil. Take it in your teeth and use it to write out numbers and letters in the air. Try to write out at least 15 numbers and letters in one go.

7. Raise your chin high, prop it up with two thumbs. Make rotational movements with your head, while resisting with your fingers when moving down. Rotate for at least 30 seconds in one go. Do 6 sets in total.

8. Weave your fingers into the lock at the back of your head and touch your chin to your chest. Begin to slowly unbend your neck and raise your chin, while resisting with your hands. Repeat this exercise eight times.

9. For the next exercise, you need to lie on your back and place a roller under your head. Press your head against the cushion so that there is space between your neck and the bed. Hold yourself in this position for about seven seconds. Repeat these steps six more times.

As you can see, the exercises are not so difficult, and do not take much time, but at the same time, they are very effective. They will allow you to forget the phrase "double chin", as well as relieve excess tension in the neck that has accumulated during the day.

Do you often resort to exercises for the muscles of the face and neck, or do you prefer to be content with only cosmetics? This information will be useful not only to you, but also to your friends. Don't forget to send them a link to our article.

Thank you for sharing beauty with us today. There will be new topics for discussion very soon, so don't forget to subscribe!

For more information on this topic, see our articles:

- Daily routine as an important component of human health - How to prevent aging of the skin of the face and neck - methods and rules of care - Development of motor activity: where to start

See you soon.

It is known that natural mechanisms operate on the principle of achieving balance and maximum efficiency. Nature has provided everything to ensure that the stratum corneum of the epidermis has the optimal thickness to perform protective functions. The balance between keratinization and desquamation is one of the most important mechanisms for the formation of the epidermal barrier.

The optimal thickness of the stratum corneum is regulated by synchronizing the processes of cell division in the basal layer and the rate of natural exfoliation of the stratum corneum. The higher the intensity of cell reproduction, the lower the strength of the “crosslinking” of horny scales, the faster the exfoliation of dead cells occurs. And vice versa - the lower the intensity of cell division of the basal layer, the slower the natural exfoliation will occur.

Activity cell division maximum at night and regulated by:

• hormones;
• growth factors;
• special substances (keylons) that protect the skin from excessive cell division in the basal layer, etc.

Intensity natural skin exfoliation depends on:

• genetic characteristics of the organism;
• hormonal status;
• activity of epidermal enzymes;
• the pH level of the skin (enzymes that provide exfoliation of horny scales can only act in an acidic environment);
• pathogenic microorganisms present on the skin, mites and enzymes produced by them;
• structural components of the lipid barrier of the skin (some lipids can reduce the activity of enzymes);
• agents applied to the skin;
• skin moisture level, etc.

Masks for aging skin (homemade recipes)

Apricot mask

Ingredients:

• ripe apricots - 2 pcs.
• vegetable oil - 1 tbsp.

Application.

Grind apricots in puree, add vegetable oil. Apply to face for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Protein mask

Ingredients:

• lemon - 1/2 pc.
• vegetable oil - 1 tsp
• egg white - 1 pc.

Application.

Squeeze juice from lemon, add oil and protein. Apply to the skin for 20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Yolk mask

Ingredients:

• raw yolk - 1 pc.
• salt - 1 pinch

Application.

Thoroughly grind the yolk with salt until the yolk turns white. Pre-steam the skin, and then apply to the face. Wash off with warm water after 10-15 minutes.

Oil mask

Ingredients:

• camphor or castor oil - 1/2 tsp
• egg yolk - 1 pc.

Application.

Mix the ingredients, apply on the skin of the face and keep for 15-20 minutes.

honey mask

Ingredients:

• honey - 1/2 tsp
• glycerin - 1 tsp
• egg yolk - 1 pc.

Application.

Mix all ingredients, keep on face for 15-20 minutes.

Rye mask

Ingredients:

• rye flour - 1 tbsp.
• strong tea or milk
• yolk - 1 pc.

Application.

Dilute rye flour with strong tea or milk to the consistency of thick sour cream. Add yolk and mix thoroughly. Apply to the skin for 15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

cucumber mask

Ingredients:

• cucumber - 1 pc.

Application.

Grind the cucumber on a fine grater or in a blender. Apply the pulp and juice on the face for 15-20 minutes.

"Japanese" mask

Ingredients:

• honey - 1 tsp
• flour - 1 tsp
• fresh milk - 1 tsp

Application.

Mix honey and flour in a saucer or small bowl, then add fresh milk. Mix everything thoroughly and apply a thin layer on the face. Keep for 30 minutes, then remove with a cotton pad soaked in a decoction of herbs (for example, chamomile).

Sometimes there may be failures in the processes of keratinization and desquamation. When the skin is functioning normally, the formation of new horny cells occurs as dead cells are shed.

This cycle can be disrupted both at the level of cell division in the basal layer and at the stages of cell development and desquamation.

Violation of the processes of cell division of the epidermis can occur when:

• violation of the mechanisms of regulation of cell division (for example, in some chronic skin diseases);
• a decrease in the number and activity of stem cells with age, which leads to the depletion of the germinal population of skin cells.

Violations of keratinization processes can be observed with a deficiency or defect in protein molecules due to:

• hereditary predisposition;
• eating problems, exhaustion;
• severe chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract.

Violations of desquamation processes are noted when:

• hormonal disorders (for example, an excess of androgens);
• changes in the pH of the skin and the destruction of the lipid barrier due to improper care;
• dehydration of the skin, insufficient moisture, etc.

The result of violations of skin renewal processes is a change in its appearance - a change in the thickness of the stratum corneum (thinning or, conversely, thickening), a decrease in the production of lipids of the lipid barrier and natural moisturizing factor molecules, which leads to dryness, dehydration of the skin and the inability to fully perform protective functions. .

Cause of slow skin renewal	What does this skin look like?	How can this be influenced?
Slow down cell division in the basal layer of the epidermis	Thinning skin, dull skin, "worn" appearance	Stimulation of cell division in the basal layer of the epidermis with the help of so-called regulatory molecules (bioregulatory peptides, phytoestrogens during menopause or menopause)
Violation of the processes of keratinization and desquamation	Thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis), peeling, dry skin	treatment of chronic diseases (for example, correction of hormonal balance); correction of daily care; adequate skin hydration; peelings (home, salon)

How to refresh your complexion at home

There are many recipes for cosmetic lotions, sprays and masks that can be easily prepared in your kitchen. Restorative products should contain certain ingredients that can quickly penetrate the layers of the skin, have a tonic, moisturizing and nourishing effect. Components for relaxing compositions are quite affordable for use, they can always be found in a pharmacy or in a regular grocery store.

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Ice to restore skin tone

To urgently restore a fresh look to the face, it is necessary to wipe it with ice cubes, carefully moving along the massage lines. After that, let the skin dry on its own without using a tissue or towel. You can use this method 2-3 times a day, lasting about 1-2 minutes.

To achieve the maximum effect of the procedure, it is recommended to use ice prepared on the basis of special infusions and decoctions according to the following recipes:

1. Parsley. A small bunch of fresh herbs should be carefully crushed in a blender until juice appears from it. Then take 50 grams of warm water and pour over the parsley. Then pour the resulting liquid into ice molds and put in the freezer. Cosmetic ice based on parsley will perfectly refresh the skin after sleep and help relieve swelling of the face.
2. Cucumber and oak bark. Rinse a small cucumber well and cut it so finely until it turns into porridge. Take 50 grams of oak bark, pour a glass of boiling water and let it brew for 10 minutes. Then boil the resulting infusion for about 15 minutes. After the broth has cooled, mix it with crushed cucumber, place in ice bags and freeze.
3. Lemon and chamomile. Take a mug of hot water (250 grams) and pour a teaspoon of dried chamomile flowers into it. Then cover and leave for 45 minutes. After the time has passed, strain the infusion and add lemon or orange juice to it. Pour the composition into molds and place in the freezer.
4. Black tea. Green tea can also be used to make cosmetic ice, the effect of it will also be very good. Take 30 grams of tea leaves, brew them in boiling water and insist for 50 minutes. Then add 2-4 grams of coconut or almond oil to the composition, mix well and pour into ice molds. This composition perfectly refreshes and moisturizes the skin.

Ice cubes made from mineral water are great for washing, they tone and smooth the upper layer of the dermis well. To prepare a frozen product, you can use decoctions of calendula, cornflower, nettle, lemon balm or dandelion. Medicinal herbs are able to eliminate inflammation, irritation on the skin and retain the necessary moisture in it.

Liquid care products

To restore and nourish the epidermis, you can use sprays and lotions prepared at home. Thanks to the vitamin composition and natural ingredients, they can be used to quickly restore the skin and with regular care.

Try using simple recipes to prepare liquid-based cosmetics that will help keep your skin in excellent condition:

1. Pink water. Take a small saucepan and put rose petals in it. Then pour some water, put on the stove and simmer for about 10-15 minutes. After cooling, the composition will be ready for use. You can use the decoction as a spray, which will give the skin a floral scent and visibly smooth it.
2. Green tea and cucumber. One bag of tea should be poured with boiling water (50 grams). Then cool the liquid and add half the cucumber and fresh chamomile petals to it. Grind all components in a blender until smooth. The resulting spray is able to refresh the skin well, you can apply it as needed.
3. Tone and nutrition (lotion). To prepare this remedy, you need to mix 20 grams of sea water with a teaspoon of honey, and then add 100 grams of carrot juice. All ingredients must be mixed and poured into the contents of 10 grams of rosehip oil, as well as 7-8 drops of liquid vitamin A. You can wipe your face with this lotion 2-3 times a day.

Since all homemade products are natural, they must be stored in the refrigerator, do not forget about it. If you decide to use any recipe, you must conduct a sensitivity test to the components used to exclude the possibility of allergies.

The use of polynucleotides to restore aging facial skin

Back in 1999, it was proven that PDRN and adenosine can stimulate the growth rate of human skin fibroblasts.

TwAc® preparations, presented by the Medhome Trading House, have a stimulating effect on local immunity and proliferative processes. The polynucleotides act as a prodrug, providing cells with an effective amount of deoxyribonucleotides. Recovery of aging skin: mechanisms of action of polynucleotides on fading facial skin; the role of hyaluronic acid in the restoration of fading facial skin; preparations for effective restoration of fading facial skin.

The role of hyaluronic acid in the restoration of fading facial skin

Products based on hyaluronic acid are highly tolerant and practically do not cause complications. However, the half-life of hyaluronic acid is quite short. In this connection, with the intradermal injection of fillers based on it, the effect lasts from 6 to 18 months. The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid is mainly associated with its high hydrophilicity. By attracting water, hyaluronic acid ensures the creation of the necessary volume. The combination of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid is considered the most optimal for restoring aging skin, since polynucleotides stimulate regeneration processes and activate fibroblasts, while hyaluronic acid creates all the necessary conditions for this.

Why does skin look worse?

Quite often, women are horrified when they find small wrinkles on their faces that have never been there before. It is also usually accompanied by a general change in complexion and a decrease in skin elasticity.

Of course, this is largely due to age-related processes that affect the quality of the skin at the cellular level. It has been scientifically proven that at a young age, our body needs about one month to completely renew the skin of the face. Over time, this figure rises up to three months, and therefore the skin simply does not have time to recover properly.

In addition, quite often the reason for the early change in the quality of the skin is non-compliance with the rules for caring for it. Poor-quality cleaning or its absence at all, the negative effects of sunlight, as well as the use of inappropriate cosmetics - this and much more quite noticeably affects the health of the skin of the face.

• Means for weight loss
  
• Fast weight loss
  Weight loss according to the biocompensation method of Galina Nikolaevna Grossmann, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is not just health-improving, but therapeutic and rejuvenating, without special diets, with the usual normal varied diet, without the use of drugs and drugs. From the first day of the weight loss course, fats begin to burn and flow out of the body naturally (with urine, sweat, breath) at a rate of up to 15 kg in 4 weeks (men - up to 17 kg). The healing effect of the method of Dr. G. N. Grossmann is so effective that in the first 2-3 weeks blood pressure and sugar levels return to normal, cholesterol decreases, diabetic symptoms disappear, and sleep normalizes. The appearance returns to the maximum, the face becomes younger and more beautiful, and the skin is smooth and even. This, of course, is a miracle, and Dr. G. N. Grossmann has been doing this miracle for more than 20 years.
• Recipes for weight loss
  Weight loss according to the biocompensation method of Galina Nikolaevna Grossmann, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is not just health-improving, but therapeutic and rejuvenating, without special diets, with the usual normal varied diet, without the use of drugs and drugs. From the first day of the weight loss course, fats begin to burn and flow out of the body naturally (with urine, sweat, breath) at a rate of up to 15 kg in 4 weeks (men - up to 17 kg). The healing effect of the method of Dr. G. N. Grossmann is so effective that in the first 2-3 weeks blood pressure and sugar levels return to normal, cholesterol decreases, diabetic symptoms disappear, and sleep normalizes. The appearance returns to the maximum, the face becomes younger and more beautiful, and the skin is smooth and even. This, of course, is a miracle, and Dr. G. N. Grossmann has been doing this miracle for more than 20 years.